指示代词的用法区别
一、this(these)和that(those)的用法
1.This/These指代较近的人或物,也可以介绍别人;that/those 指代较远的人或物。
eg:
This is my math teacher,and that is my English teacher.这是我的数学老师,那是我的英语老师。
2.打电话时用this代指自己;用that代指对方。
eg:
Hello! This is Lily speaking.Who’s that?您好!我是莉莉,您是?
3.表示比较时用that代指前文出现的不可数名词;可数名词复数用those代指。
eg:
Robots in the movies look more like humans than those today.电影中的机器人比现在的机器人看起来更像人类。
4.在疑问句中,如果句子主语是this,that,these或those,回答时用it代替this或者that,用they代替these或those。
eg:
——Is this/that your book?这/那是你的书么?
——Yes,it is.是的。
this和these一般指在空间和时间上较近的事物,that和those一般指在空间和时间上较远的事物。
例:This is a map of China and that is a map of the world.
这是一张中国地图,那是一张世界地图。
Please come this way. We'll go in by that door. 请这边走,我们从那扇门进去。
In those year they led a hard life. 在那些岁月里,他们生活得很艰难
this和these常指后面将要讲到的事物,有启下的作用,that和those常指前面已经讲到过的事物,起承上的作用。
例:I shall say this to you: he is an honest man. 我将对你说这一点:他是一个诚实的人。
He felt ill. That is why he didn't come. 他病了,那就是他没来的原因。
He broke the glass, and that cost him five dollars. 他打破了玻璃,那花费了他5美元。
that和those有时可用来代替前面提到过的东西,以避免重复这个名词:
These machines are better than those we turned out last year. 这些机器比我们去年生产的好。
The oil output in 1988 was much higher than that of 1986. 1988年的石油产量比1986年高很多。
The history of China is as interesting as that of Russia. 中国的历史同俄国的历史一样有趣。
在电话中,this表示打电话者,that表示接电话的对方。
例:A: Hello! This is Bob (speaking).喂,我是鲍勃。
B: Who's that please? 请问是哪位?(美语用Who's it?或Who's this?)
辨析it,one与that
eg:
§ The book is mine,It’s interesting.这本书是我的,它非常有趣。
§ ——Who has a novel named Tiny Times?谁有一本名为《小时代》的小说?
——I have one.我有一本。
§ The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai.北京的天气比上海的更冷。
it的用法(含特殊用法)
1、指代上文已经提到或下文将要提到的事或物。
eg:
He told Lucy that she should take a good rest,but it didn’t help.他告诉露西要好好休息,但是没起作用。
2. 指自然天气、时间、距离、温度等。
eg:
It’s not far from here to the airport.从这儿到机场不远。
3. 作形式主语,代替由不定式或从句等所表示的真正主语。
eg:
It’s time for lunch.到了午饭时间了。
4. 作形式宾语,代替由不定式或者从句所表示的真正宾语,常用在动词find,think,make,consider,feel等后。
eg:
I found it important to learn English well.我发现学好英语很重要。
such也是一个指示代词
(1) 定语:
We have had such a busy day. 我们今天忙得真够呛。
I don’t like such weather. 我不喜欢这样的天气。
(2) 主语:
Such was my immediate impression. 这就是我当时的印象。
Such are the results. 结果就是如此。
(3) 表语:
His illness was not such as to cause anxiety. 他的病还不至于使人焦虑不安。
same也可以看作指示代词,在句中能作定语、主语、表语或宾语:
She said the same thing all over again. 她把同样的话又说了一遍。
The same may be said of his brother. 他弟弟也有这种情形。
Our views are the same. 我们的看法是相同的。
“Happy New year!” “The same to you!” “新年好!”“新年好!”返回搜狐,查看更多